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SOPHIA OF WISDOM III - HAGIA SOPHIA
DECEMBER 24, 2006 THE LIBRARY OF SOPHIA OF WISDOM III THE SOPHIA OF ALL SOPHIA OF WISDOMS AKA CAROLINE
E. KENNEDY______________________________ HAGIA SOPHIA THE MOTHER CHURCH *****NOTES OF SOPHIA OF WISDOM
III.... THE FALL OF CONSTANTINOPLE AND THE DOME OF HAGIA SOPHIA: OCTOBER 1990 ART AGNOS SENT BACK A LETTER TO
MARK KARRAS ARCHBISHOP OF BYZANTIUM DECLINING TO CONVERT ALCATRAZ INTO THE NEW BYZANTIUM....THIS IS WHAT HAPPENED... "THE
NEXT MORNING THE CITY WAS SHROUDED IN FOG,, UNHEARD-OF AT THE END OF MAY; THE SAME NIGHT THE DOME OF ST. SOPHIA WAS SUFFUSED
WITH AN UNEARTHLY RED GLOW THAT CREPT SLOWLY UP FROM THE BASE TO THE SUMMIT AND THEN WENT OUT. THIS LAST PHENOMENON WAS ALSO
SEEN BY THE TURKS IN GALATA; MEHMET HIMSELF WAS GREATLY DISTURBED..... Hagia Sophia or Holy Wisdom is the mother
church of all Eastern Christians of the Byzantine liturgical tradition both Orthodox and Greek Catholic. Early accounts suggest
that the site of this, the grandest church in Christendom, in the first millennium had been the site of a pagan temple appropriated
for the service of the new religion. The first church on the site was built by the Eastern Roman Emperor Constantius, son
of Emperor Constantine, who had liberated the Christian faith from centuries of persecution. Constantius' church was consecrated
in 360 AD. At first it was known as the Great Church because it was the largest at the time. Later it became known as Holy
Wisdom, a name attributed to Christ by theologians of the 4th century. In 404 AD the church was destroyed by mobs
set into action when Emperor Arcadius sent Archbishop John Chrysostom into exile for his criticism of the Empress. In 415
AD Emperor Theodosius II rebuilt the church. It too fell victim to a rampaging mob at the time of Monophysite heretics in
532 AD. The new Emperor Justinian, firm defender of orthodoxy, made short work of the howling heretics and ordered that construction
begin on a new basilica such as had never been seen before. The construction work lasted from 532 to 537; the new church was
consecrated by Patriarch Menas on December 27, 537. Architecturally the grand basilica represented a major revolution
in church construction in that it featured a huge dome which necessitated the implementation of new ideas in order to support
the weight of this dome, a feat which had not been attempted before. The dome which became universal in Byzantine church construction
represented the vault of heaven thus constituting a feature quasi-liturgical in function. In the days when there was no steel
used in construction, large roofs and domes had to be supported by massive pillars and walls. The dome of Hagia Sophia was
supported by four piers (the solid supports from which the arches spring), each measuring about 118 square yards at the base.
Four arches swing across linked by four pendentives (the parts of a groined ceiling springing from the pillars). The apices
of the arches and the pendentives support the circular base from which rises the dome which is pierced by forty single-arched
windows which admit light to the interior. The church itself measures 260 x 270 feet; the dome rises 210 feet above
the floor and has a diameter of 110 feet. The nave is 135 feet wide, more than twice the width of the aisles which measure
62 feet. Because Constantinople lies in an earthquake-prone region, the massive structure of the Great Church was deemed sufficient
to meet the threat. That expectation however was disappointed when in later years earthquakes destroyed parts of the church
and dome, requiring massive repairs including the construction of large buttresses to support the walls which in turn held
up the dome. (1) In 1204 AD, Roman Catholic crusaders of the Fourth Crusade attacked and sacked Constantinople (2)
and the Great Church, leaving behind a legacy of bitterness among Eastern Christians which continues to this day. For more
that 1000 years Holy Wisdom served as the cathedral church of the Patriarch of Constantinople as well as the church of the
Byzantine court but that function came to an end on May 29, 1453, when the Ottoman Turkish Sultan Mehmet the Conqueror seized
the Imperial City and converted the Great Church into his mosque. It remained a mosque until 1935 when Turkish head-of-state
Mustafa Kemal converted it into a museum. Years later the plaster which had been applied by the Muslims to cover the icons
was removed revealing for the first time to modern eyes the extent of the desecration perpetrated by the Muslims in their
effort to render the structure appropriate for their own purposes. See HAGIA SOPHIA at: http://www.byzantines.net/byzcathculture/hagiasophia.html
In its heyday as the Imperial church, Hagia Sophia was served by 80 priests, 150 deacons, 60 subdeacons, 160 readers,
25 cantors and 75 doorkeepers. It was the model for other Byzantine churches throughout Eastern Christendom as seen for example
in the Church of Holy Wisdom in Kyiv. In the Slavic East the style was modified to suit the Slavic esthetic sensibilities,
most notable in Russia where the soaring but narrower domes top the many beautiful churches. In the 1000 years that
Hagia Sophia was the see of the Patriarch it was also seen as the mother church of the Christian East. The liturgies which
evolved there in the full panoply of the splendor of the Imperial court gave them the dignity and stunning beauty which they
possess today, in contrast to the more restrained liturgies of other traditions. Thus Eastern Christians of the Byzantine
liturgical tradition are the inheritors and descendants of Byzantium, recalling whenever the Divine Liturgy is celebrated
the glory of the Great Church in its ancient days. Where once potentates and patriarchs, prelates and priests, saints
and sinners moved in solemn procession, tourists now loiter and stare. The images looking down from the walls are no longer
the windows to heaven but silent witnesses to the profanities of the Muslims and the vulgarities of the tourist trade. Gone
are the chanting priests; gone too are the smells and bells of the East. No longer do the cherubim descend to accompany and
to praise the Holy Mysteries. The Great Church is little more than a mound of architecturally ordered stones devoid of the
life of liturgy. Away from the rule of the heathen Turk, in other places where orthodox Christians may gather one can still
perceive imperfectly that vision of the splendor of heaven unfolded in the Byzantine Divine Liturgy, for ours is truly a royal
worship, the prayer of kings. Hagios 0 Theos Hagios Iskiros Hagios Athanatos Eleison imas. EPILOGUE
With the fall of Constantinople and the desecration of the Great Church in 1453, the Turks were free to complete the conquest
of the Christian peoples of the Balkans. Greeks, Bulgarians, Macedonians, Serbs, Montenegrans, Croats, Slovenes, Romanians
and Hungarians came under the yoke of the oppressor. Twice, in the following centuries, in 1529 and 1683, the Turks appeared
at the gates of Vienna only to be turned back miraculously. Only with the growing awareness of the emerging states in central
and western Europe and with the defeat of the Turkish fleet at Lapanto in 1571 by the combined fleets of Venice, Spain and
the Papal States was the march of Islam into the heart of western Christendom stopped. Thus was central and western Europe
spared the fate of the Christian populations in southeastern Europe. Five hundred years of Turkish oppression and forced conversions
to Islam were met with stout resistence by the Christians of the Balkans. Enslavement and martyrdom befell those who resisted.
Time and again Christians were called upon to witness the faith and to win the crown of martyrdom. One can only speculate
about the extent to which the valor of the faithful through resistance and rebellion kept the Turks from pressing further
with their efforts to subject all Europe to the rule of Islam. The Christian neomartyrs (3) of the Turkish yoke are remembered
each year on the third Sunday after Pentecost. TROPARION The new martyrs, who with unremitting battle have cast
down the ancient deception, have exalted the Faith of the Orthodox; for, having abolished the worship of the iniquitous and
professed Christ boldly, they now unceasingly entreat Him as perfect God, that He grant us great mercy. KONTAKION
Rejoice mystically, 0 Church of Christ, beholding Thy children, the new martyrs, standing around Thy table in their relics,
like newly planted olive shoots; and cry aloud to the Creator of all: Thou art the confirmation of the martyrs, 0 Christ!
NEOMARTYRS OF THE TURKISH YOKE HAGIA SOPHIA IDEALIZED (4) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FOOTNOTES: 1) SUGGESTED READING: Hagia Sophia - Architecture Structure and Liturgy of Justinian's Great Church
by Rowland J. Mainstone ISBN: 0500279454; Early Christians & Byzantine Architecture by Richard Krautheimer ISBN: 0300052944;
A History of Russian Architecture by William C. Brumfield ISBN: 0521597242 2) Throughout its history Constantinople
had been attacked many times. In 626 during the reign of Emperor Heraclius (610 - 641), a combined force of Turkic Avars and
Persians laid seige to the city. Eventually they were driven off and a thankful city rejoiced with a hauntingly beautiful
hymn to the Theotokos, known as the "Ti Ipermaho" which appears in the Triodion. In translation it reads as follows: 0
Champion General, I your city now inscribe to you Triumphant anthems as the token of my gratitude, Being rescued from
the terrors, 0 Theotokos. Inasmuch as you have power unassailable From all kinds of perils free me so that unto you
I may cry aloud, Rejoice, 0 unwedded Bride. 3) For more information about the 500 year martyrdom of Christians
following the fall of Constantinople, the reader is invited to examine: Witnesses For Christ, by Nomikos Vaporis, ISBN:0881411965
and CHRISTIAN FLIGHT FROM THE MIDDLE EAST (http://www.byzantines.net/byzcathculture/christflight.html) 4) Above is
an idealized image of the Great Church as it might appear today, had it not been desecrated by the Turks first as a mosque
and later as a tourist attraction. The minarets have been removed and the life-giving cross restored to the dome. Our
Church: Our Identity | Parish History | Our Temple | Byzantine Metropolia Instruction-Canon Law | Greek Catholic Union
| Four Hierarchs-Four Martyrs Garden of All Saints | Parishioners in Iraq Our Traditions: Theophany-Epiphany
| The Diaconate | Our Lady of the Willow Frankincense | Water | Iconostasis | Hagia Sophia | St.Nicholas of Myra Pentecost
| Theotokos | Cosmology | Ordination of Married Men The Orthodox Brethren: Eternal Memory | Mother of Churches
| Christ the Savior
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SOPHIA OF WISDOM III - CONSTANTINE I & JFK,JR.
PICTURE BELOW LIBRARY OF SOPHIA OF WISDOM III SOPHIA OF ALL SOPHIA OF WISDOMS AKA CAROLINE E. KENNEDY
- CAROLINA KENNEDIA______________________ OCT 29, 2006 CONSTANTINE & JFK,JR. HAGIA SOPHIA AND NEW
HAGIA SOPHIA Constantine was John F. Kennedy, Jr. As Constantine he put together the paper work for a New Hagia Sophia
on Altrcatz. See below for the paper work.
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SOPHIA OF WISDOM III - NEW DIVINE TEMPLE
LIBRARY OF SOPHIA OF WISDOM III SOPHIA OF ALL SOPHIA OF WISDOMS August 29, 2006 RE: NEW DIVINE TEMPLE
Peace is being brought to All Mankind......................... I am the one you have been searching for......................
They had put me to sleep too.................................. And I have been fighting my way back to you...................
My life has also been recently in review...................... And now I know of the Terror and Horror they put us
through... I'll fight to the end for us all to be SPELLBOUND free........ If all will be lost I will give mercy.........................
With a Lion's Roar I cry a Bat Kol............................ Let me people go..............................................
Saint Sophia of Wisdom III CONSTANTINE THE GREAT Has reached down through the ages and has provided
the legal documents for me to begin New Jerusalem Saint Sophia of Wisdom III Saint Sophia of Jesus Christ
Divine Temple Thank you to all who have put your faith in St. John of Wisdom III. PALL MALL LOGO HARDSHIP
THROUGH THE STARS WITH SIGN YOU SHALL CONQEUR (SEE new-byzantium.org/index.html) NEW BYZANTIUM is the Americas Ultima
Hesperia IN GOD WE TRUST IT IS TIME It is time for the world to recognize that the struggle against terrorism
is not winnable unless adjusted to reality. Terrorism survives because it is a faceless force: it is elusive, ever changing,
and capable at will to inject and to extricate itself any time at any place. It is the nearest likeness to all-encompassing
hydra. Reality demands that terrorism be reduced to tangible and practical limits. This can only be accomplished when
terrorism is recongized as an exisiting state. The difference is it must be cast as an undesirable or rogue entity
-anti state - always destructive of all other states: the equivalent of matter vs. anti-matter. This approach provides
the lawful grounds on which the family of legitimate nations will be able in collective effort to effect the desired results.
Mark Athanasios C. Karras(new-byzantium.org/table.html) Former Archbishop Iakovos of North and South
America called the terrorist attack a 'DEMONIC ACT'.....He went on to say,.....there is organiged violence that goes back
many centuries since the Persian Wars when the Anatolian people were trying to destroy Christendom and the 'white race'. Archbishop
Iakovos(new-byzantium.org/newbyz.html) The struggle is against TERROR in all its aspects: Whether spontaneous,
self-organized, or state-sponsored. It is not a struggle against any religion, nation, or ethnic enity. (new-byzantium.org/newbyz.html)
AMERICA: NEW BYZANTIUM An imaginary line drawn from Constantinople along approximately 30 degrees longitude
east to west traversing the North Pole, meets Kodiak, Alaska where the Russian monks founded their first mission on American
soil. Their subsequent southward expansion likewise brought them to their maximum outreach at approximately the 40th parallel.
This was directly across the Earth from Constantinople on firm land - on the coastline of California in the vicinity of San
Francisco. Once again the Orient meets the West. Behold (new-byzantium.org/newbyz.html)
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SOPHIA OF WISDOM III - NEW JERUSALEM - ALCATRAZ
SOPHIA OF WISDOM III THE SOPHIA OF ALL SOPHIA OF WISDOMS NEW JERUSALEM SAN FRANCISCO, CA ALCATRAZ ISLAND
THE DIVINE TEMPLE SEPTEMBER 27, 2006 RE: AMERICA: NEW BYZANTIUM Ultima Hesperia ___________ Byzantium
defended itself for centuries in a similar way the West must aggressively defend itself today. Link to: CHRIST
UNTO BYZANTIUM Information on origin and vision of New Byzantium New Byzantium ¡ª like non-absolutist historical
Byzantium ¡ª is the eminent force of choice to counter the scourge of terrorism. The error of 1203 A.D. must not be repeated.
The struggle is against terrorin all its aspects: whether spontaneous, self-organized, or state-sponsored. It is not
a struggle against any religion, nation, or ethnic entity. __________ The cause of America is in a great measure
the cause of all mankind. (Thomas Paine [1737-1809]. American Revolutionary Patriot born in England.) American
Patriotism is grounded in Americanism. Americanism is the fulfillment of the most compelling yearning in human nature:
The desire to be Free. The pursuit of that most precious gift first emerged in the Ancient Greek world, and resurfaced
in the form of religious tolerance in 313 A.D. through the Edict of Milan instituted by Constantine the Great. It has now
regenerated Europe and has begun to penetrate the world -- first achieving optimum expression in the United States of America.
It is the ultimate historical continuum vested in all The Americas or NEW BYZANTIUM. Byzantium-New Rome or Byzantine
Empire is today but an ornament on the genealogical tree of history that cannot be repeated¡ªas also are the British, Roman,
Alexandrian, Athenian, Persian, Mayan, and Aztec Empires. Yet, their active influence survives. It is folly
and misleading to reason that the Moslem invasion of Central Europe was the consequence of Moslem penetration of the Iberian
Peninsula and of the Balkans. Both these events were only symptomatic of a much more fundamental occurrence earlier in history:
the ill-conceived and treasonous invasion and devastation by the West itself of Constantinople at the opening of the Thirteenth
Century. (See related history) It is also unfounded to reason that in some way Islam today holds the higher moral
ground over Christianity because the women of the West have achieved a more independent and stronger contributory status in
society. Why then are Moslem women clamoring for even their basic freedom? The true issue in that quest is not the presence
of that freedom but how that freedom is used. Since its founding, New Rome, or Constantinople, or Byzantium had always
been the guardian and protector of the West. It was the rupture of that Western integrity that opened the way for the later
Moslem onslaught against Europe. The Western world committed a grave error once. Today, the same confrontation exists
but on a much larger scale, including the interests of progressive Islamic nations. In this instance, America has become the
defender of Civilization and thus, New Byzantium. The error must not be repeated. The unity and firm coalition of Western
nations together with that of the progressive nations of the world is paramount for the survival of all Civilization. (An
Analysis and A Proposal) ____________ "Former Archbishop Iakovos of North and South America [Greek Orthodox Church]
called the terrorist attack a 'demonic act' . . . . He went on to say , . . . there is organized violence that goes back many
centuries since the Persian Wars when the Anatolian people were trying to destroy Christendom and the 'white' race." (Source:
Kalmoukos, Theodore. "Iakovos: Attack Was a Demonic Act." National Herald, September 22-23, 2001, p. 1). ____________
Religious Conviction Abhors Terrorism: It Condones Justice. ____________ v THE SUPREME PRELATURE
ORDERS OF SAINTS CONSTANTINE THE GREAT AND HELEN, A.D. 312 ¡è ¡è ¡è ¡è NEW BYZANTIUM Much
has been written about the Byzantine Empire, the great City of Constantinople, its art, language, culture and customs. Generally,
however, and due to the fall of the City in 1453, any reference to the Empire is made in a historical context, and rarely
is there an acknowledgment that it exerts any influence at the present time. Contrary to this perception, the reality
is that meaningful and substantial remnants of the Byzantine world are with us today. This is a reasonable consequence of
the event marking the fall of the City. Although a political and social disintegration of that society occurred, its rich
cultural substance quickly and steadily shifted to various parts of Europe to form the basis of the Renaissance. [For early
examples, see: Origins and Coinage]. Three elements comprise the foundation of the Byzantine ideal which more accurately
describes the maximum achievement of Western Civilization. These are, Greek culture, the Roman institutional system, and Christianity.
In combination, these influences produced a viable social and political system capable of effectively enduring the test of
time and tension. Most eminent proof of this is the existence itself of Byzantium which lasted from 330 A.D. to 1453 -- eleven
hundred years, longer than any other social-political system in the history of the world. Alone, these elements, although
of profound importance, each lack the necessary quality effectively to lead to the governance of a society. It can be concluded,
therefore, that contemporary Western Civilization is the natural sequel of the Byzantine world wherein prevailed the influence
of Hellenic culture, the Roman system of laws, and Christianity based on its Hebraic past. Political interests have persistently
obscured this reality which at last is beginning to surface in the minds and consciousness of an informed world. Byzantium
shall no longer be seen as the exclusive historical domain of just one people, one nation, one culture, or one religious denomination.
It is the common possession of the civilized Western world. It is, in fact, the Western civilized world itself. The
expansion of the western European Christian peoples of the Latin Church achieved their maximum geographic outreach at the
Pacific coast of northern California near San Francisco. Subsequently, the eastward expansion of the eastern European Christians
of the Greek Church by means of Russian monks arrived at the same location. The meeting point of the move northward along
the Pacific coastline by the Spanish and that of the Russians southward on the same coastline, essentially marked the termination
of the expansion of Western Christian Civilization. San Francisco with its notable hills is reminiscent of both Rome and Constantinople
(or Byzantium, or New Rome). Behold then, San Francisco, the NEW BYZANTIUM. An imaginary line drawn from Constantinople
along approximately 30 degrees longitude east to west traversing the North Pole, meets Kodiak, Alaska where the Russian monks
founded their first mission on American soil. Their subsequent southward expansion likewise brought them to their maximum
outreach at approximately the 40th parallel. This was directly across the Earth from Constantinople on firm land -- on the
coastline of California in the vicinity of San Francisco. Once again the Orient meets the West. Behold, NEW BYZANTIUM. Unlike
politically motivated writers would have us believe, Constantine the Great, founder of the Byzantine Empire, achieved the
unity rather than the disunity of the Western world. Chief evidence of this, as previously stated, was the extraordinary durability
of the New Roman or Byzantine state. By introducing Christianity as the official religion, Constantine reconciled Hellenistic
culture with Roman pragmatism on a moral footing to produce the Byzantine ideal. The practical application of that ideal was
realized by the function of the triune presence of the City, the authority of the Emperor, and the inspiration of the shared
common Faith. The City served as the repository of physical and cultural wealth and as the guarantor of physical existence;
the Emperor personified and acted as the authority of the legal, political and military system of the state; the Church served
in her role as the perpetuator of the Faith and as the guardian and interpreter of the moral and spiritual values of the society.
It must be noted, however, that the continuity of the state was ensured by making the roles of the Emperor and the religious
head interchangeable. In the absence of one the other would temporarily assume the duties of the former. Prior to
his death, Constantine delegated to his successors that they should honor and perpetuate his select personal guard of men
who had served him faithfully. The monogram of Christ which had appeared to him in the sky just before the battle and subsequent
victory outside of Rome against Maxentius in 312 A.D., became the battle sign of his army. His personal guards were appointed
the protectors of that symbol known as the Labarum. Constantine's request was later honored, and although Constantinople fell
in 1453, the institution of his select guard continues in existence today as the protector of the Labarum, and is known as
the Order of Saint Constantine the Great. Another institution was founded by Constantine in honor of his mother, Helen,
commemorating the discovery of the True Cross at a location revealed to her in a series of dreams. The early practice was
to give to distinguished persons of the feminine gender a small piece of the Cross encased in a locket. This institution is
also preserved to this day at his request, and together with the former are known as The Sovereign Byzantine Order of Saints
Constantine the Great and Helen, A.D. 312. Persons in the Order -- an international institution -- are awarded correspondingly
the Cross of Saint Constantine and the Cross of Saint Helen in various ranks. It is the world's first dynastic Christian Order
and it is headed by the Imperial Family of the Laskaris Komnenos of Constantinople, heirs to that right as confirmed by Act
of the Roman Senate (16-V-1525, Lib. Decr. 1515/1526, f. 142). Copyright: Mark Athanasios C. Karras 1990. The
above was published in "Revista Cayey" of the University College of Cayey, University of Puerto Rico. Volume XXII, Numbers
66-67, March-June, 1990, Cayey, Puerto Rico. _____________________ QUINTO CENTENARIO Encuentros
y Desencuentros al Medio Milenio de Hallazgo del Nuevo Mundo FIFTH CENTENARY Encounters and Divergencies on
the Half Millennium of Discovery of the New World The Author: Dr. Teodoro Lascaris-Comneno Reference:
Lascaris-Comneno, Teodoro. (1993). Quinto Centenario: Encuentros y Desencuentros al Medio Milenio de Hallazgo del Nuevo Mundo
[Fifth centenary: Encounters and divergencies on the half millennium of discovery of the New World]. (Pp.136-139). Consejo
Nacional de la Cultura (CONAC). Caracas, Venezuela: Colper, Editores. (Original in Spanish). (Closing Chapter
- translation) ERA OF NEW BYZANTIUM The [said] New Era is rendered by the internal process that is produced in
each individual and globally in the whole community. It is an ample and tolerant form of thinking, whereby man is neither
come to suffer nor to pay for a bad deed, but to live in harmony in the midst of all and by way of our means. When harmony
is broken, emotional and physical disturbances arise that range from sadness to grave illnesses. Within the New Era,
eastern philosophical views and high level psychic manifestations will have preeminence, with absolute respect toward all
religious beliefs: all this, in connection with the development of modern electronic equipment and computation and technical
resources. The center of the New Era is in America, in the New Byzantium, in California near San Francisco where the
East met with the West: the Russian Orthodox monks with the Castilian Catholic friars. The words Byzantium and Byzantine
were used pejoratively, and in particular by the Franks who in the IV Crusade sacked Constantinople. However, in the past
century the investigations in scientific and historical fashion by Germans, English, French, and Russians have fully reappraised
Byzantium for its art, literature, customs, and above all for its ecumenical syncretism. From Byzantium derives the Renaissance
and from it the Modern Age. Its fall in 1453 originated the discovery of the New World. Byzantium united the Greek
culture, the Latin institutional system of Rome, and monastic Hellenic philosophical Christianity. This system lasted for
eleven centuries (from 330 to 1453), more than any other Republic, Crown, or Empire. As Jaspers[*] affirms in his
Origin and Goal of History, there have only been three great civilizations: that of India, of China, and of the West, comprised
of and integrating high cultures. The one of the West was born in Asia Minor in the Greek City of Miletus of Ionia with the
thinkers and philosophers Thales, Anaximander, and Anaximenes, followed by the pre-Socratic(s), today much revitalized in
the new thinking relative to contemporary Philosophy. The Greek and Hellenistic cultures form the basis of the culture
of Rome, succeeded by II Rome or Byzantium that in turn was attempted to be continued by the two III Romes, the Germanic Roman
Empire and that of the Czars of all Russias. Byzantium in the New Era is foretold in the American continent as New Byzantium,
not only in California but including the city of Valencia, Venezuela, in view of the secret and magical name of Byzantium
or Constantinople, which was: VALENTIA. An imaginary line drawn from Constantinople traversing the North Pole to Kodiak,
Alaska, where the Russian monks founded their first mission on American soil, arriving by their expansion to the fortieth
parallel, goes directly from Byzantium to the vicinity of San Francisco, California. And, precisely, the Labarum of
Constantine glows in our time in both distinguished cities in the North and the South of the Continent.
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